Handle lost and found procedures

Lost and found procedures :

• Lost and found items should be stored in a secure area
• In large hotels, linen clerk will handle lost and found items
• In smaller hotels the task may be delegated to Excutive Housekeeper or front office personnel
• When a room attendant finds an item left behind by a guest, he or she shoud immediately turn it over to the Lost and Found
• Items should be tagged, logged and secured after they have been turned over to the Lost and Found
• A log should be used to record date, time, where the items was recovered and by whom. There must be a pace to record the owner's name if the items recovered by its owner
• All lost and found items should be kept for 90 days. After that it is up to the management to decide on how to dispose the items properly
• Normally, the items will be given to the person who found it or are donated for charity

Trolley preparation procedures

a)      Trolley is an equipment to store or keep a given number of linen,supplies, and other cleaning materials.

b)      Maids or room attendants should check their supplies and materials after receiving their room assignments.

c)       All supplies materials must be packed according to the number of rooms

Diagram 6.1 shows trolley or chartin proper set up

•         The lower shelf of the trolley is used to carry heavier items like bed sheets
•   The middle and top shelf are for other linen supplies such as pillowcases, bath towels, bath mats,          face towels, hand towels and mattress pad(bed pad)
•  The top compartment is used to carry all the guest amenities, glasses, ice tubs, Johnny mop,                  hangers and etc.
•    This trolley should also have the maid’s caddy for chemicals and cleaning agents

Types of fabrics and linen and practice label readin and its function

The fibers that are most commonly used today can be divided into two categories :

NATURAL FIBERS

Ø  Wool

-          The most commonly used wool comes from sheep. It can also be produced from camel and rabbits. The most popular wool is produced from Merino and Crossbred sheep in Australia

-          Wool does not flatten or crease easily and very elastic

-          Wool is extensively used in hotels althought expensive. It is used for carpets, balnkets and upholstery

-          Wool is easy to clean and fire resistant

Ø  Silk

-          Silk is the strongest of natural fibers and a very light fabric

-          Silk is produced from the cocoon of silk worms.

-          Some of its usage in hotel include wall covering, cushions cover and bed sheets.

-          Silk has a draping power – which means it retains shape and caresses the body. It is also an elastic fabric

-          It is a very expensive and seldom used in hospitality except for luxury suites and apartments

Ø  Cotton

-          Cotton comes from the cotton plant seed grown in India,USA,Egypt and China

-          Cotton is used for bed linen,table linen,towel and uniform

-          Cotton is very absorbent, easily laundered and more resistant to bleaches and alkalis. Cotton is stronger when wet and dry

-          All cotton tend to shrink during the first few washings unless they have been to wrinkle

Ø  Linen

-          Linen comes from the stalk or flax plant(a plant fiber used especially for making ropes)

-          Linen is famous for making napkin and table linen

-          Linen is hard-wearing and easily washed but requires caeful finishing

-          Good quality linen has a smooth appearance and cool to the touch

-          Linen can be easily dyed and color does not fade when wash

 

Silk

Wool

Linen

Cotton

Advantages of using computer

Computer has made a very vital impact on society. It has changed the way of life. The use of computer technology has affected every field of life. People are using computers to perform different tasks quickly and easily. The use of computers makes different task easier. It also saves time and effort and reduces the overall cost to complete a particular task. 

Many organizations are using computers for keeping the records of their customers. Banks are using computers for maintaining accounts and managing financial transactions. The banks are also providing the facility of online banking. The customers can check their account balance from using the internet. They can also make financial transaction online. The transactions are handled easily and quickly with computerized systems.

The advantages of using computers is that we can do research and find a lot of information we may be looking for .Other advantages include typing out a documents, letter or a essay. We can communicate with our friends online and send them e-mails.

Computer components

Computer components are all the parts that make up a computer. Components include software and hardware: The software tells the hardware what to do and the hardware executes the commands. Working together, these components make up a system that can relay commands to a central processing unit, identify the actions needed to carry out the commands, and send the instructions to the component that carries out the command. Computer components work in close conjunction with each other and when one component fails, many others are affected and sometime the entire system can crash.

Software

• There are two basic types of computer components: software and hardware. Software is the principal component because it contains the information needed by the hardware to perform its tasks; without the software, a computer would simply be a box full of parts. The main software component needed to run a computer is the operating system, and program applications are necessary for specific tasks.
  The operating system contains the information that runs all the system's basic tasks, from starting up and shutting down to surfing the Internet. Program applications contain the information needed to run specific tasks such as word processing, games, graphic editing, communications and accounting.

Hardware

• Hardware consists of the components that do the actual work, everything from turning the system on to performing specific tasks. There are two types of hardware components: internal and peripheral. Internal components are the computer parts located inside the PC tower or the laptop body, and peripherals are located on the outside of the computer. The internal components are necessary to the basic running of a system and all computers have them; however, most peripherals are optional and can be modified by the user.

• Internal Components

  • CPU or central processing unit is considered the brains of the operation and consists of several parts: the cache , prefetch unit , decode unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Together they work to translate user input into action.
    Fan, which cools the CPU to keep it functioning properly.
    RAM/ROM is the computer's memory system.
    Chipset handles the communication between components.
    BIOS, or basic input output system, handles power administration and basic fundamental tasks like turning the computer on and off.
    Internal and external buses connect the CPU and components together.
    Power supply provides and regulates electrical current.
    Graphics and sound cards produce the video and sound output that comes out of the monitor and speakers.
    Drives and writers are used to read and write data onto computer discs.

  Peripherals

  • Peripherals are the computer input and output components. These are the components that the user physically handles. Input devices can be used in a variety of ways to enter information and instructions into a computer. Output devices are the end result of the instructions and can be physical, visual or audio.
    Input devices can include mouse, keyboard, tablets, game controllers, cameras, scanners and microphones.
    Output devices include monitors, printers and speakers.

  Process

  • All computer components, internal or peripheral, take commands from the motherboard. The motherboard issues the commands based on information that has been installed in it through software.
    The user inputs data using a peripheral component such as a keyboard or a CD-ROM. The data is sent to the motherboard, a circuit board that contains, among other things, the CPU. The CPU is considered the actual brain of the computer; it receives the message, processes the information and converts the data into a binary code. The motherboard sends the code to the internal component that is charge of that specific action. The component performs that action and carries out the user's request
  Hard Drives    CPUs      Motherboards
•  Graphics Cards  Memory  Cases
•  Power Supplies  Sound cards  Fans and Cooling
  
  

Computer History and its generations

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate.

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each of the five generations of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable computing devices.

In this Webopedia reference article you'll learn about each of the five generations of computers and the technology developments that have led to the current devices that we use today. Our journey starts in 1940 with vacuum tube circuitry and goes to the present day -- and beyond --  with artificial intelligence.

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.

First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations, and they could only solve one problem at a time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts.

The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

A UNIVAC computer at the Census Bureau.

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors. Though the transistor still generated a great deal of heat that subjected the computer to damage, it was a vast improvement over the vacuum tube. Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and printouts for output.

Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instructions in words. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

The first computers of this generation were developed for the atomic energy industry.

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

In 1981 IBMintroduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh. Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of desktop computers and into many areas of life as more and more everyday products began to use microprocessors.

As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUis the mouse and handhelddevices.

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. Quantum computation and molecular and nanotechnology will radically change the face of computers in years to come. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization.